![]() ![]() When teachers want to have immediate feedback on the student’s knowledge so far. When teachers want to measure students’ performance based on specific standards or criteria. Tests, quizzes, surveys, and questionnaires.Įxit surveys, observation, and oral presentations. Quizzes, writing samples, project-based assignments, presentations, etc. Norm-referenced: teacher measures students’ performance based on their average performance in class.Ĭriterion-referenced: student’s performance is evaluated individually. Informal assessment refers to a method of student evaluation that does not have any standard grading criteria. , gets thrown out.Formal assessment refers to a grading system-based evaluation to monitor students’ knowledge. Post conditions: All laundry clean and folded or hung up.Īll ironed laundry items get hung on hangersĪny laundry item that is irrevocably soiled, shrunken, scorched, etc. Housekeeper puts laundry item on a hanger. Housekeeper verifies that laundry item needs hanging. This scenario describes the situation where the laundry item needs to be hung instead of folded. Housekeeper verifies that the laundry item shrankĪlternative flow 5A: Laundry item needs hanger. This scenario describes the situation where the laundry item shrank. Housekeeper verifies that the laundry item is not clean.Īlternative flow 4C: Laundry item shrank. This scenario describes the situation where the laundry item did not get clean the first time through the wash. Laundry that needs ironing is ironed and hung up.Īlternative flow 4B: Laundry item is dirty. Housekeeper puts laundry item on a hanger Housekeeper verifies that the laundry item needs ironing and is clean and not shrunken This scenario describes the situation where one or more items need ironing before or in lieu of folding Housekeeper does this until there are no more laundry items to foldĪlternative Flow 4A: Laundry item needs ironing. ![]() Housekeeper verifies that laundry item is foldable. Housekeeper verifies that laundry item does not need ironing, is clean and not shrunken. This scenario describes the situation where only sorting, washing and folding are required. She irons those items that need ironing.ĭirty laundry is transported to the laundry room on Wednesday. She folds the dry laundry as she removes it from the dryer. The housekeeper sorts it, then proceeds to launder each load. It is Wednesday and there is laundry in the laundry room. If she notices that something shrank, she throws it out. If she notices that something is still dirty, she rewashes it. If she notices that something is wrinkled, she irons it and then hangs it on a hanger. She throws away any laundry item that is irrevocably shrunken, soiled or scorched. On Wednesdays, the housekeeper reports to the laundry room. She irons and hangs the items that are wrinkled. In each of these types of uses cases you will see that:Ī housekeeper does laundry on a Wednesday For our purposes we have defined them as Simple, Middleweight and Heavyweight use case for doing the laundry. Repeat the steps 2 through 7 for all other users.īelow, are examples of three use cases with increasing levels of complexity. Extract these and note them as common course use cases. Look for commonalities among the use cases. When the basic course is described, consider alternate courses of events and add those to "extend" the use case. Describe it in terms of what the user does and what the system does in response that the user should be aware of. Each thing the use does on the site becomes a use case.įor each use case, decide on the normal course of events when that user is using the site.ĭescribe the basic course in the description for the use case. Identify who is going to be using the website.ĭefine what that user wants to do on the site. Kenworthy (1997) outlines the following steps: Write the steps in a use case in an easy-to-understand narrative. These exceptions are what happen when things go wrong at the system level. ![]() Alternative paths – these paths are a variation on the main theme.Main success scenarios – use case in which nothing goes wrong.Triggers – this is the event that causes the use case to be initiated.Preconditions – what must be true or happen before and after the use case runs.Primary Actor – stakeholder who initiates an interaction with the system to achieve a goal.Stakeholder – someone or something with vested interests in the behavior of the system under discussion (SUD).Actor – anyone or anything that performs a behavior (who is using the system).Depending on how in depth and complex you want or need to get, use cases describe a combination of the following elements: ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |